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Subordinate clauses: conjunctions and verb at the end

In a subordinate clause the conjunction opens and the conjugated verb closes. If there are several verb forms, the conjugated one is the very last: …, dass er gekommen ist; …, weil ich arbeiten muss. Separable verbs join up again: …, dass er morgen anruft. A comma always marks off the clause.

Conjunction	Meaning	Conjunction	Meaning
dass	that	bevor	before
weil, da	because, as	nachdem	after
ob	whether, if (question)	während	while, whereas
wenn	if, when (each time)	seit, seitdem	since
als	when (once, past)	bis	until
obwohl	although	sobald	as soon as
damit	so that	solange	as long as
falls	in case	indem	by (doing)
sodass	so that (result)	ohne dass, anstatt dass	without, instead of

als, wenn, wann: als = one single time in the past; wenn = every time, or present / future, or "if"; wann = question, direct or indirect.
"if" = ob or wenn? ob when it's a question (I don't know if…), wenn when it's a condition.
damit or um … zu? Same subject in both clauses → rather um … zu + infinitive; different subjects → damit.
C1 level: with a modal in the Perfekt, the conjugated verb jumps in front of the two infinitives: …, dass er nicht hat kommen können.

Als ich ein Kind war, wohnte ich in Sarajevo.

When I was a child, I lived in Sarajevo.

Obwohl es regnet, gehen wir spazieren.

Although it's raining, we're going for a walk.

Ich glaube, dass er morgen anruft.

I think he'll call tomorrow.

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