In German, articles, adjectives and pronouns change form depending on the word's role in the sentence. That role is called the case. There are four, and each one answers a question.
The subject: who does the action. Also after sein, werden, bleiben.
Der Mann liest.
The direct object: what the action is done to.
Ich sehe den Mann.
The indirect object: to whom, for whom. Often a person.
Ich helfe dem Mann.
Possession: "of" or "'s". Mostly in written German.
Das Auto des Mannes.
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