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When to use the subjunctive

Basic idea: the subjunctive is used for what is not presented as a fact — a wish, an influence, a feeling, a doubt, a future that hasn't happened yet — usually after que with a different subject.

triggerexample
wish, order, advice: querer que, esperar que, pedir que, aconsejar que, ojaláQuiero que vengas. — I want you to come.
Ojalá haga sol. — I hope it's sunny.
feeling: alegrarse de que, me gusta que, me molesta que, tener miedo de queMe alegro de que estés aquí. — I'm glad you're here.
doubt, denied opinion: dudar que, no creer que, es posible queNo creo que sea verdad. — I don't think it's true.
But: Creo que es verdad (indicative).
judgement: es importante / necesario / mejor / normal queEs importante que lo sepas. — It's important that you know.
But a fact: Es verdad que es caro (indicative).
purpose: para queTe lo explico para que lo entiendas. — I'm explaining it so that you understand.
future time: cuando, en cuanto, hasta que, después de que; antes de que (always)Cuando llegues, llámame. — When you arrive, call me.
But habit or past: Cuando llego, te llamo. Cuando llegué, te llamé.
condition: con tal de que, a menos que, sin que (always)Lo hago sin que nadie lo sepa. — I do it without anyone knowing.
aunque: subjunctive = “even if”; indicative = “although” (known fact)Aunque llueva, saldré. — Even if it rains, I'll go out.
Aunque llueve, salgo. — Although it's raining, I'm going out.
relative clause about something unknown or non-existentBusco un piso que tenga terraza. — I'm looking for a flat with a terrace (any).
But: Tengo un piso que tiene terraza.
quizás, tal vez (often)Quizás venga mañana. — Maybe he'll come tomorrow.

Same subject → infinitive: Quiero ir. — I want to go. / Quiero que vayas. — I want you to go.

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