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Negation in detail

negationmeaningexample
ne … plusno longer, not any moreJe ne fume plus. (I don't smoke any more.)
ne … pas encorenot yetIl n'est pas encore arrivé. (He hasn't arrived yet.)
ne … aucun(e)no, not a singleJe n'ai aucune idée. (I have no idea.)
ne … nulle partnowhereJe ne le trouve nulle part. (I can't find it anywhere.)
ne … ni … nineither … norJe ne bois ni thé ni café. (I drink neither tea nor coffee.)
ne … queonly (not a negation!)Je n'ai que dix francs. (I only have ten francs.)

With ne … que, the article doesn't become « de »: Je n'ai que du pain. (I only have bread.)

Position in compound tenses: pas, plus, jamais, rien go before the participle; personne, aucun, nulle part, que go after: Je n'ai rien vu. (I didn't see anything.) Je n'ai vu personne. (I didn't see anyone.) Je ne suis allé nulle part. (I didn't go anywhere.)

As a subject, start with the negative word + ne: Personne n'est venu. (Nobody came.) Rien ne marche. (Nothing works.) Aucun train ne part. (No train is leaving.)

With an infinitive, both parts go together in front: J'ai décidé de ne pas venir. (I decided not to come.) Il préfère ne rien dire. (He prefers to say nothing.)

You can combine them, and French happily uses a "double negative": Je ne dis plus jamais rien à personne. (I never say anything to anyone any more.) No « pas » with these words: « je ne vois pas personne » is wrong.

Without a verb: pas du tout (not at all), pas mal (not bad, quite a lot), non plus (neither: Moi non plus.: Me neither.), jamais de la vie ! (no way!)

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