Aprenderlos por grupos es más fácil. Past simple y participio:
| grupo | base | past simple | participio |
|---|---|---|---|
| las tres formas iguales | cut (cortar), put (poner), let (dejar), hit (golpear), set (fijar), shut (cerrar) | cut, put, let… | cut, put, let… |
| cost (costar), hurt (herir, doler), read* (leer) | cost, hurt, read* | cost, hurt, read* | |
| * read: se escribe igual, pero en pasado se pronuncia «red» | |||
| pasado = participio | buy (comprar), bring (traer), think (pensar), fight (luchar), catch (atrapar), teach (enseñar) | bought, brought, thought, fought, caught, taught | (igual) |
| keep (guardar), sleep (dormir), feel (sentir), leave (dejar, irse), meet (conocer, quedar), mean (significar) | kept, slept, felt, left, met, meant | (igual) | |
| send (enviar), spend (gastar), build (construir), lend (prestar), lose (perder) | sent, spent, built, lent, lost | (igual) | |
| say (decir), pay (pagar), lay (poner), sell (vender), tell (contar), find (encontrar), hold (sostener) | said, paid, laid, sold, told, found, held | (igual) | |
| stand (estar de pie), understand (entender), sit (sentarse), win (ganar), hear (oír), hang (colgar) | stood, understood, sat, won, heard, hung | (igual) | |
| i – a – u | begin (empezar) | began | begun |
| drink (beber), sing (cantar), swim (nadar) | drank, sang, swam | drunk, sung, swum | |
| ring (sonar), sink (hundirse) | rang, sank | rung, sunk | |
| run (correr) | ran | run | |
| participio en -n / -en | break (romper), speak (hablar), choose (elegir), forget (olvidar), wake (despertar) | broke, spoke, chose, forgot, woke | broken, spoken, chosen, forgotten, woken |
| drive (conducir), ride (montar), rise (subir), give (dar), eat (comer), fall (caer) | drove, rode, rose, gave, ate, fell | driven, ridden, risen, given, eaten, fallen | |
| grow (crecer), throw (lanzar), blow (soplar), fly (volar), draw (dibujar), show (mostrar) | grew, threw, blew, flew, drew, showed | grown, thrown, blown, flown, drawn, shown | |
| wear (llevar puesto), tear (rasgar), steal (robar), hide (esconder), bite (morder), forgive (perdonar) | wore, tore, stole, hid, bit, forgave | worn, torn, stolen, hidden, bitten, forgiven | |
| otros | become (llegar a ser), lie (estar tumbado), light (encender), dig (cavar), shine (brillar), forbid (prohibir) | became, lay, lit, dug, shone, forbade | become, lain, lit, dug, shone, forbidden |
Trampas: lie – lay – lain (estar tumbado) ≠ lay – laid – laid (poner, colocar) ≠ lie – lied – lied (mentir). been / gone: She has been to Paris (ha estado en París y ha vuelto) / She has gone to Paris (se ha ido a París, sigue allí).
Traduce las palabras de tus lecturas, repásalas con tarjetas y practica con frases para completar.
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